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Battle of Ratsua
The Battle of Ratsua occurred during the Second World War and involved Australian and Japanese forces. Part of the wider Bougainville Campaign of the Pacific theatre, the battle took place in the northern sector of Bougainville between June and August 1945. Following the failed landing by Australian forces at Porton Plantation in early June, the fighting around Ratsua essentially became a containment action for the Australians as they concentrated their efforts upon driving south towards Buin, which was the main centre of Japanese resistance on the island at the time. As a result, the situation around Ratsua remained largely static until the end of hostilities in mid-August 1945.
==Background==
After their defeat at Tsimba Ridge in early February 1945, Major General Kesao Kijima—commander of the Japanese 38th Independent Mixed Brigade— had ordered a withdrawal to Numa Numa, leaving a force of 1,400 sailors drawn from the 87th Naval Garrison Force and 2,000 civilians to hold the Bonis Peninsula. Of these civilians, about 600 were armed, although only half were trained to undertake a combat role. As their supplies dwindled, in May–June the Japanese sailors—under the command of Captain Kato, the senior naval officer in Buka—began to raid the Australian supply lines between Ruri Bay and Ratsua as they attempted to hold a position between Porton Plantation and Tarbut. Meanwhile, Australian troops from the 11th Brigade had continued their advance north from Tsimba Ridge in April–May, clearing up to the Soraken Peninsula, which was captured by the middle of the month. By the end of May, the Japanese fell back behind a series of fortified positions along the base of the Bonis Peninsula, and the Australian advance came to a halt.
In an effort to break this resistance and allow the northwards advance to continue, the Australians attempted to outflank the Japanese line of resistance by launching an amphibious landing at Porton Plantation on 8 June. The plan called for a reinforced company from the 31st/51st Battalion to land behind the Japanese positions and attack from the west, while the main force consisting of the remainder of the 31st/51st Battalion and the 26th Battalion attempted to break through from the south. Due to poor planning, inadequate resources and strong Japanese defence, the landing failed at considerable cost to Australians, and as their efforts turned towards effecting a withdrawal from the beachhead and rescuing the stranded men, the attempt by the main force to break through from Ratsua also failed as tired troops came up against strong Japanese defensive positions.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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